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عمومی::
قرار گرفتن در معرض صدا
Noise exposure can lead to damage in the inner ear and loss of hearing ability, particularly to high frequency sounds; poor speech detection and discrimination; an inability to hear in background noise; and tinnitus.
The projects described in this report were undertaken to estimate the incidence and prevalence of NIHL and to look at the non-work related noise exposure and methods of monitoring NIHL in the workplace.
This variation is due to differences between the populations and their noise exposure, and includes: variations in the audiometric criteria for defining degree of hearing loss; differences in hearing conservation programmes and use of personal hearing protectors; and differences in criteria for attributing the proportion of hearing loss due to noise exposure rather than age or other disease.
Based on the WHO definition for substantial or significant hearing loss (> ave 41 dB loss for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz), an estimated one sixth (16%) of the population with hearing loss worldwide is attributable to occupational noise exposure (WHO, 2002).
This figure is corroborated by a USA assessment of the contribution of occupational noise exposure to total deafness rates, giving a range from 7% in developed nations to 21% in developing regions (Nelson, Nelson, Cocha-Barrientos & Fingerhut, 2005).
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